SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery)

Composite measure of lower-extremity function in older adults — summing timed standing balance, a 4-meter gait walk, and repeated chair stands — used to screen for mobility limitation and prognosticate.

Standing balance - side-by-side stand

Standing balance - semi-tandem stand (only if side-by-side held)

Standing balance - tandem (full) stand (only if both prior stands held)

4-meter gait walk completed?

Gait time (faster of two 4 m walks, seconds) — if completed

5 repeated chair stands completed (arms folded)?

Chair-stand time (5 stands, seconds) — if completed