GOLD ABE Group + Spirometric Grade (GOLD 1–4)
Classifies confirmed COPD into a spirometric grade (GOLD 1–4) from post-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted and into the GOLD 2023+ ABE group from symptom burden and exacerbation history, to guide initial therapy; requires established airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0.70).